请高手教一下高中语法定语从句。

2025-05-19 13:55:04
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定语从句
定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词:who[人/主语 ],whom[人/宾语],whose[人或物的/定语],which[物/主语,宾语],that[人或物/主语,宾语],as [特殊]
2、关系副词:when[时间状语],where[地点状语],why[原因状语]
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)
The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:
1)当先行词为人时用who作主语,whom作宾语;
2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语;
3)先行词为人或物时用that,可作主语或宾语;
4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;
5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1)用that而不用which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…; ②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;
③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰; ④先行词既有人又有物时。
There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2)用which而不用that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句; ②代表整个主句的意思; ③介词+关系代词。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3)as引导定语从句时的用法
as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same…as, such…as结构中。
I want the same shirt as my friend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。
As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
2.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5.定语从句中谓动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词各个固定部分不要拆开。
The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可有 which, that, whom。
The man(whom/who/that)you were talking about has come to school.