美国历史1931－1940

米有英文的
要日文的话我可以找到
你可以到美国的政府网
里面有美国历史 包括重大事件
下面的将就看

20世纪30年代的美国

民主党人F.D．罗斯福1933年就任第32届总统。罗斯福政府实行了由国家对经济进行广泛干预、调节的“新政”，整顿金融，复兴工农业，举办救济事业等，挽救了美国的严重经济危机，并加强了国家垄断资本主义。1933年11月，美国与苏联建交，对拉丁美洲采取“睦邻政策”。1937年新的经济危机再度出现。次年，罗斯福采用扩大赤字开支的办法，使这次危机有所缓解；第二次世界大战爆发后，美国重振军备，才使经济得到恢复，走向繁荣。

政策方面

F．D．罗斯福政府于1933年3月至1939年间为克服1929—1933年大萧条采取的一系列政策措施。1932年7月2日，罗斯福在接受总统候选人提名演说中，第一次使用这个名词。它大体具有3方面内容：

①恢复陷人大萧条的经济；

②救济大规模失业者和贫民；

③限制垄断资本的某些弊端。

为实现这些目标，罗斯福大力加强国家对社会经济生活的干预。新政大体可分为两个阶段：1935年以前和1935-1939年。第一阶段着重调整与恢复，第二阶段着重改革，救济则贯彻始终。

第一阶段(1932-1935)
为挽救和重建濒于崩溃的金融货币体系，罗斯福于1933年3月6日暂时关闭全国银行。三天后，国会通过紧急银行法，委托联邦储备银行发行纸币以解救货币荒，授权复兴金融公司购买银行优先股票给全国银行提供流动资金，授权财政部整顿和资助银行，并禁止储存和输出黄金。5月27日和6月6日，国会又分别通过联邦证券法和证券交易法，政府对证券的发行和交易实行管理。6月16日通过《格拉斯—斯蒂高尔银行法》，将投资银行和商业银行分开，防止银行用储蓄者资金投机，还规定建立联邦储蓄保险公司，对小额存款实行保险。1933年4月间放弃金本位制，实行美元贬值和有节制的通货膨胀，以提高物价、刺激生产、鼓励出口和减轻债务人负担。为恢复工、农、商诸业，1933年5月12日通过《农业调整法》，授权农业调整管理局用政府津贴鼓励农民缩减耕地面积、销毁大 量农产品、屠宰大量幼畜，以控制基本农产品产量和牲畜饲养头数，提高农产品价格和农民购买力。结果1936年农业总收入较1932年增长50％。6月16日通过《全国工业复兴法》，规定建立国家复兴管理局，指导劳资双方订立本行业的公平竞争法则，对各该行业产品的产量和价格作出规定，希图实行某种程度的计划经济，但由于大企业的操纵，收效不大。该法还规定劳工有同企业主签订集体合同的权利，并有关于最低工资和最高工时的规定。为紧急救济大批失业者和贫民，1933-1934年期间，先后建立平民自然资源保护队、联邦紧急救济署、房主贷款公司、联邦住房管理局、公共工程管理局、国民工程管理局，为失业者提供就业机会和起码的救济。1933年5月18日，通过建立田纳西河流域管理局的法案。兴办田纳西河流域水利工程，从事防洪、发展航运、保护环境、生产化肥和提供廉价电力等。新政给美国经济、政治和社会生活带来很大影响。

第二阶段(1935-1939)
罗斯福政府从1935年1月起，提出加速改革步伐，先后成立工程振兴局、全国青年管理处以解决失业问题，并制订《社会保障法》规定实行老年保险和失业保险，帮助无力养活自己的人，此法在1939年修订后，将美国推上“福利国家”的道路。为对垄断资本进行管理和略加节制，1935年8月23日通过新银行法，建立联邦储备委员会以管理各储备银行的贴现率、利息、兑换率、储备金额以及公开市场活动。8月28日的公用事业控股司法对那些公用事业帝国判处“死刑”，对其他控股公司进行管理。8月30日的财产税法使财产税增到70％的最高限度；公司所得税则以累进制代替单一制。有产阶级称此税为“敲诈富人”税。为加强劳工地位，7月5日总统签署《全国劳工关系法》，宣布公司工会为非法，进一步保证工会通过自选代表与资方集体谈判的权利。

由于1936年经济形势显著好转后，罗斯福政府紧缩信贷，大力削减联邦政府开支以平衡预算。1937年秋末起，又出现来势凶猛的经济危机，罗斯福政府不得己于1938年夏初起重新放松信贷，扩大联邦政府开支。1938年秋末起，经济又开始回升。罗斯福政府在1938年6月25日通过《公平劳动标准法》。1938年2月16日通过第二个农业调整法，以代替被判违宪的第一个《农业调整法》。到1939年，国际局势紧张，国家重点转向扩军备战。罗斯福注意力日益集中于国际事务，新政告一段落。

History of the United States (1918–1945)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_%281918%E2%80%931945%29
非常好的网站,但是不知道你能不能看到...不过希望你不要全盘照抄.

The Great Depression
Main article: Great Depression
In 1929, the world's most prosperous nation was the United States. But despite the buoyant optimism in the United States and the apparent economic well-being in other industrialized countries, the world economy could not withstand a depression that originated in the U.S. and spread across the globe in a matter of months.

GDP in United States Jan 1929 to Jan 1941Historians and economists still have not agreed on the Causes of the Great Depression, but there is general agreement it began in the United States in late 1929, and was either started or worsened by the "Black Thursday", the stock market crash of Thursday, October 24, 1929. Sectors of the U.S. economy had been showing some signs of distress for months before October 1929. Business inventories of all types were three times as large as they had been a year before (an indication that the public was not buying products as rapidly as in the past); and other signposts of economic health—freight carloads, industrial production, wholesale prices—were slipping downward.

The events in the United States triggered a world-wide depression, which led to deflation and a great increase in unemployment.

[edit] The Roosevelt administration
Main article: New Deal

Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother, depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on a mother of seven children, age thirty-two, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.
[edit] The Great Depression and the election of 1932
The Wall Street stock market crash had ushered in a world-wide financial crisis. In the United States between 1929 and 1933, unemployment soared from 3% of the workforce to 25%, while manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.

Where it existed, local relief was overwhelmed.

Thrown out of their homes, the unemployed and poor moved into "Hoovervilles".

For many, their next meal was found at a soup kitchen, if at all.

Adding to the misery of the times, drought arrived in the Great Plains in 1933. By 1934, the plains had been turned to a desert Dust Bowl. Those who had lost their homes and livelihoods were lured westward by advertisements for work put out by agribusiness in western states, such as California. The migrants came to be called Okies, Arkies, and other derogatory names as they flooded the labor supply of the agricultural fields, driving down wages, pitting desperate worker against desperate worker.

In the South, the always fragile economy collapsed further. To escape, rural workers and sharecroppers migrated north by train with hopes to work in auto plants around Detroit. In the Great Lakes states, farmers had been experiencing depressed market conditions for their crops and goods since the end of World War I. Family farms that had been mortgaged during the 1920s to provide money to “get through until better times” saw foreclosure as their owners failed to make payments.

Worldwide, desperate governments sought economic recovery by adopting restrictive autarkic policies--high tariffs, import quotas, and barter agreements--and by experimenting with new plans for their internal economies. Britain adopted far-reaching measures in the development of a planned national economy. In Nazi Germany, economic recovery was pursued through rearmament, conscription, and public works programs. In Mussolini's Italy, the economic controls of his corporate state were tightened. Some observers throughout the world saw in the massive program of economic planning and state ownership of the Soviet Union what appeared to be a depression-proof economic system and a solution to the crisis in capitalism.

In the United States, upon accepting Democratic nomination for president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt (known as "FDR") promised "a new deal for the American people," a phrase that has endured as a label for his administration and its many domestic achievements. The Republicans, blamed for the Depression, or at least for lack of an adequate response to it, were easily defeated by FDR.

Unlike many other world leaders in the 1930s, however, Roosevelt entered office with no single ideology or plan for dealing with the d